Source: Atlantic Africa and the Spanish Caribbean, 1570-1640 (The University of North Carolina Press) 2016 A.D.
This source talks of Afro-Iberians being called “Spanish blacks“, “black Portuguese” or just “Portuguese” and how in many cases they came to the Caribbean as freemen and women. These were different names for Spanish and Portuguese Jews. This source is key because it shows that some blacks came to the New World as freemen and freewomen and not as slaves or indentured servants which goes against what we are usually taught in history books. This source also shines a big light when it comes to viewing history because when one is looking at the Spanish Caribbean during that time frame, when an individual is described as being “Portuguese“, that individual can either be black, white, or ethnically mixed. The connection between Afro-Iberians and Tangomaos was also made and the difference was one group’s movement was largely involuntarily. Tangomaos were also known as lancados who were Spanish and Portuguese Jews.
and then