Routledge

Saracens were Called Bedouin and they were Darker than Soot

Saracens were Called Bedouin and they were Darker than Soot

Source: Saracens and Franks in 12th - 15th Century European and Near Eastern Literature: Perceptions of Self and the Other (Routledge) 12th - 15th Century A.D. Note: Page 16 to 17 of the source. Note: Page 17 of the source. Note: Page 17 of the source. Note: Page 104 of the source. Note: Page 105 of the source. Note: Page 107 to 108 of the source. Note: Page 123 of the source. Note: Page 133 of the source. This source confirms that Bedouins were considered to be extremely dark skinned in the Middle Ages. This source also does a great job…
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18th-19th Centuries, Jews Were Black

18th-19th Centuries, Jews Were Black

Source: Jews, Race and Popular Music (Routledge) 2017 A.D. Note: Page 168 of the source. Note: Page 168 of the source. This source confirms yet again that through the 18th and 19th Centuries, people believed the Jews were black due to them always being black or they were black due to interbreeding through blacks. This source confirms the hyper-sexualization of black men.
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15th Century Leo Africanus’ Commentary About Jews in Africa

15th Century Leo Africanus’ Commentary About Jews in Africa

Source: Genetics, Mass Media and Identity: A Case Study of the Genetic Research on the Lemba (Routledge) 2006 A.D. Note: Page 46 of the source. Note: Page 46 of the source. Note: Page 47 of the source. Note: Page 88 of the source. On pages 45 through 47, John Pory, the translater of the English edition of Leo Africanus' Description of Africa, noted that the land of the Hebrews was under the equinoctial or equator between Abassin and Congo. Page 88 and 46 of the book names the Ashanti, Hausa, Zulu, Masai, Xhosa, Hottentots, Tutsis, Ashanti, Lemba, Yoruba, and Buganda…
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Spinoza (Son of Portuguese Jewish Immigrants) had “skin somewhat black, black curly hair”

Spinoza (Son of Portuguese Jewish Immigrants) had “skin somewhat black, black curly hair”

Source: History in Black African-Americans in Search of an Ancient Past (Routledge) 2001 A.D. Note: Page 183 of the source. Note: Page 228 of the source. Professor Shavit's work notes that a medieval theory did exist regarding Jews being black. He also noted the account of Spinoza being described as having "skin somewhat black, black curly hair". I do not agree with all of the professor's commentary, so please utilize discernment on what you choose to accept and reject.
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Ps.-Aristotle Noted that Egyptians and Ethiopians had “Excessive Blackness” (Hoi agan Melanes)-Egyptians and Syrians had Curly Hair

Ps.-Aristotle Noted that Egyptians and Ethiopians had “Excessive Blackness” (Hoi agan Melanes)-Egyptians and Syrians had Curly Hair

Source: The Routledge Handbook to Identity and the Environment in the Classical and Medieval Worlds (Routledge) 2015 A.D. Note: Page 9 of the source. Note: Page 66 of the source. Note: Page 66 of the source. Note: Page 67 of the source. Note: Page 70 of the source. Note: Page 71 of the source. Note: Page 82 to 83 of the source. Note: Page 217 of the source. Note: Page 231 of the source. Note: Page 241 of the source. Note: Page 242 of the source. Note: Page 312 of the source. Note: Page 346 of the source. Note: Page…
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The Ancient City of Carthage had a Majority of “African” and “Negro” Types

The Ancient City of Carthage had a Majority of “African” and “Negro” Types

Source: Ancient African Christianity: An Introduction to a Unique Context and Tradition (Routledge) 2017 A.D. Note: Page 64 of the source. Note: Page 65 of the source. Note: Page 68 to 69 of the source. Note: Page 76 of the source. Note: Page 76 to 77 of the source. This source confirms several things: in Roman Africa the goddess "Afra" was depicted with dreadlocks and other negroid features, the Cyrenaeans depicted themselves and Romans with "Libyan features" (the ancient northern regions west of the Nile were often designated as Libya, which means the Cyreneans and the Romans living in their…
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8th Century Rabbi Eliezer Stated Shem was Black and Comely

8th Century Rabbi Eliezer Stated Shem was Black and Comely

Source: The Image of the Black in Jewish Culture: A History of the Other (Routledge) 2003 A.D. Note: Page 89 of the source. Note: Page 90 of the source. Note: Page 90 of the source. Note: Page 90 of the source. Note: Page 91 of the source. Note: Page 212 to 213 of the source. Note: Page 213 of the source. Note: Page 234 of the source. Note: Page 249 of the source. This source confirms yet again that medieval Jewish Rabbi Eliezer did indeed indicate Shem was black and comely. This source also confirms that Shem was white-washed and…
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