European

1741 – The Price of Negro Slaves In West Africa

1741 – The Price of Negro Slaves In West Africa

Source: The London Magazine, and Monthly Chronologer (Princeton University) 1741 - pg. 509-510 Excerpt From Page 509 Cowries, a certain type of seashell is used for money in parts of Asia and Africa. Cowrie (cowry) shells used for decorating apparels, making necklaces and playing dice games. Excerpt From Page 510 In 1740 2,400 Cowries were equal to 1 Rupee. Cowries are valued in West Africa, but specifically Guinea, as much as silver and Gold. There they are called "bougies". Cowries are worn as ornaments in necklaces and bracelets. Cowries are described as white. French merchants in Whydah paid 40 pounds…
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Historiography and Methods of African History

Historiography and Methods of African History

Source: Historiography and Methods of African History (Oxford Bibliographies) 2012 A.D. From the source, " Introduction The study of African history as an independent and autonomous focus of scholarship is a recent development. Until the late colonial period, it was widely believed among Western historians that Africa, south of the Sahara, had no “civilization” and thus no history. Others insisted that even if there were events of a historical nature, such a history was unknown and unknowable, since African societies, for the most part, were nonliterate and as such left no records that historians could study. The era of decolonization…
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In 1523 A.D. , it was Believed that Black and Red Jews in Africa were Poised To Reclaim Jerusalem

In 1523 A.D. , it was Believed that Black and Red Jews in Africa were Poised To Reclaim Jerusalem

Source: Hybrid Hate, Conflations of Antisemitism & Anti-Black Racism from the Renaissance to the Third Reich (Oxford University Press) 2020 A.D. From the source, " Blacks and Jews in the Western Imaginaire Attempts to account for human difference almost always positioned blacks and Jews outside the normative human frame, as we have seen in the case of Bruno, Vanini, La Peyrère, Kames, Voltaire, and many others, and this fact forms part of the etiology of the sickness of anti-black racism and Jew hatred. As far as blacks were concerned, color itself, the most obvious of human differences, played a major…
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Dravido-Africans

Dravido-Africans

Source: Evidence that a West-East admixed population lived in the Tarim Basin as early as the early Bronze Age (BMC Biology) 2010 A.D. From the source, "  The Loulan Mummy was of Dravidian Origin Clyde Winters, Uthman dan Fodio Institute 18 July 2014 Controversy surrounds the Loulan mummy. Meir has attempted to protray the Tarim Basin as an ancestral home for Caucasians because of the discovery of mummies resembling Europeans in the Tarim Basin with European pigmentation and physical features. As a result, researchers have claimed that the Loulan mummy was also caucasian. This hypothesis is false. The Loulan munny…
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Sun Worship Amongst African Amazons

Sun Worship Amongst African Amazons

Source: The Amazons: Chapter VII: Amazons of Africa (Sacred Texts) 1910 A.D. From the African Amazon chapter of the source, "DIODORUS SICULUS, quoting Dionysius the historian, says that there was a prodigious race of Amazons who rose, flourished exceedingly, and disappeared long before the Trojan War--so long before, indeed, that their renown had been obscured by the newer glory of the Amazons of the Pontus. The more ancient race had its origin in Libya, that Africa which lay between Egypt and Ethiopia on the east, the Atlantic on the west, bounded on the north by the classic strip of Mediterranean…
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Mathias de Sousa was Possibly a Portuguese Jew in Colonial Maryland

Mathias de Sousa was Possibly a Portuguese Jew in Colonial Maryland

Source: Defining race and identity in early Md. (The Baltimore Sun) 2001 A.D. From the source, " BLACK HISTORY Month offers an opportunity to spotlight the history and achievements of African people and their descendants in America. In Maryland, we celebrate the lives of men and women like Benjamin Banneker, Frederick Douglass and Harriet Tubman. It may seem ironic that in observance of the first Black History Month of the millennium, we question the identity of an official Maryland first: Mathias de Sousa -- widely celebrated as the first black man to vote in the Maryland legislature. We do not question…
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DNA Study From The U.S National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health-Nearly All Southern Europeans Have 1%-3% African Ancestry (Roman Era and Arab Migrations)-All 8 Major Jewish Populations Have 3%-5% Sub-Saharan African Ancestry In Them (Reflects African Ancestry Prior to Jewish Diaspora)

DNA Study From The U.S National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health-Nearly All Southern Europeans Have 1%-3% African Ancestry (Roman Era and Arab Migrations)-All 8 Major Jewish Populations Have 3%-5% Sub-Saharan African Ancestry In Them (Reflects African Ancestry Prior to Jewish Diaspora)

Source: The History of African Gene Flow into Southern Europeans, Levantines, and Jews (U.S National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health) 2011 A.D. From the source, "...Previous genetic studies have suggested a history of sub-Saharan African gene flow into some West Eurasian populations after the initial dispersal out of Africa that occurred at least 45,000 years ago. However, there has been no accurate characterization of the proportion of mixture, or of its date. We analyze genome-wide polymorphism data from about 40 West Eurasian groups to show that almost all Southern Europeans have inherited 1%–3% African ancestry with an average…
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