Roman Empire

Ancient “Sub-Saharan” Genetic Admixture in Italian Populations

Ancient “Sub-Saharan” Genetic Admixture in Italian Populations

Source: Uniparental Markers of Contemporary Italian Population Reveals Details on Its Pre-Roman Heritage (Plos One) 2012 A.D. Note: Page 12 of the source. Note: Page 12 of the source. Note: Page 13 of the source. This source confirms that "sub-Saharan" ancestry in the southern regions of Europe predates modern migration, the Transatlantic Slave Trade, and the Roman Empire. This source confirms the black presence in the ancient Mediterranean region. Ancient historians attest to ancient interactions and mixing between southern Europeans, Africans, and ancient near east people. The history aligns with the DNA.
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Black Africans were a Part of the Mediterranean World

Black Africans were a Part of the Mediterranean World

Source: Black Africans in the Ancient Mediterranean | Dr. Rebecca Futo Kennedy (Study of Antiquity and the Middle Ages) 2020 A.D. This source tells us once again that the ancient Roman empire was a cosmopolitan society and that different blacks peoples, both free and enslaved, were woven throughout the Mediterranean world.
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Jews Are Further West than Carthage

Jews Are Further West than Carthage

Source: CARTHAGE (Jewish Encyclopedia) 1906 A.D. From the source, "  The city, called   ("New City") in native inscriptions (Lidzbarski, "Nordsemitische Epigraphik," i. 365), is mentioned in Jewish writings since Talmudic times only as   ("Ḳarthigini"), a name equivalent to the Byzantine form Kαρϑαγένη and in agreement with the Syriac (Payne Smith, "Thes. Syr." cols. 3744, 3765), the Greek form Kαρχηδών being found with the latter. Notwithstanding the peculiar form, perhaps chosen with reference to the founder Dido ( + γυνή, "Woman-City"), the Hebrew word certainly designates Carthage in Africa, not Cartagena in Spain... Although Carthage is not mentioned in the Bible,…
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DNA Study From The U.S National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health-Nearly All Southern Europeans Have 1%-3% African Ancestry (Roman Era and Arab Migrations)-All 8 Major Jewish Populations Have 3%-5% Sub-Saharan African Ancestry In Them (Reflects African Ancestry Prior to Jewish Diaspora)

DNA Study From The U.S National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health-Nearly All Southern Europeans Have 1%-3% African Ancestry (Roman Era and Arab Migrations)-All 8 Major Jewish Populations Have 3%-5% Sub-Saharan African Ancestry In Them (Reflects African Ancestry Prior to Jewish Diaspora)

Source: The History of African Gene Flow into Southern Europeans, Levantines, and Jews (U.S National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health) 2011 A.D. From the source, "...Previous genetic studies have suggested a history of sub-Saharan African gene flow into some West Eurasian populations after the initial dispersal out of Africa that occurred at least 45,000 years ago. However, there has been no accurate characterization of the proportion of mixture, or of its date. We analyze genome-wide polymorphism data from about 40 West Eurasian groups to show that almost all Southern Europeans have inherited 1%–3% African ancestry with an average…
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